• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    Process for the continuous preparation of open-net shaped structures comprising the steps of fibrillating a longitudinally oriented 15-200 mu thick polymeric film by passing it over pinned rollers so as to form unfibrillated oblique bands at an angle beta o of from 0.3 DEG -50 DEG with the fibrillation direction, superimposing at least two of the thus fibrillated films, transversally stretching the assembly of said fibrillated films until the unfibrillated oblique bands form an angle beta epsilon comprised between beta o and +/- 80 DEG with respect to the fibrillation direction, and thermostabilizing the open-net shaped assembly thus obtained. Expanded and/or superficially abraded films can be used in the fibrillation step, to obtain high-surface open-net structures. A device (Fig. II) is also disclosed for the transversal stretching of fibrillated films or assembly thereof, comprising feeding system (1) for said fibrillated film or assembly, a pair of diverging guides (2), each closing upon itself in a ring, clamps (3) freely sliding on said guides to grip the film or assembly at their edges, devices (4) for feeding the clamps to the guides, pulling devices (6) for engaging the clamps, moving in the feeding direction of the film or assembly, devices (13) for opening the clamps and dragging them to the feeding devices (1) and a winder (11) for the open film or assembly.
    公开号:SU1075956A3
    申请号:SU802926101
    申请日:1980-05-16
    公开日:1984-02-23
    发明作者:Виттоне Андреа；Фуриа Эдоардо；Кампринколи Пьерпаоло；Грондона Адриано
    申请人:Монтэдисон С.П.А. (Фирма)；Моплефан С.П.А. (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     The invention relates to devices for producing composite network structures based on films of synthetic polymers and can be used in light and textile sectors in the manufacture of ropes, cutting lines, staple fibers, as well as for preparing flat network structures for strengthening laminated materials. such as paper, cement boards and non woven materials.  A device for stretching a polymeric material containing a feeding system for the material and elastic strips extending in the transverse direction, between which the polymeric material II is fed, is known.  The drawback of the device is that it does not ensure continuous production of high-quality composite structures from several layers due to the lack of reliable fixation of the edges of the polymeric material.  The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a device for transverse stretching of a polymeric material in the form of a fibrillated film or at least two fibrillated films laid one on top of another, containing a feed system for the material, two annular divergent guides arranged in series with the feeding system at a distance from one another equal to the original width of the material, with a gradual increase in the distance to a value equal to a given width stretched material, a series of clamps to grip the edges of the material placed in the guides, two mechanisms for feeding the clamps to the guides, two pulling mechanisms for rigidly connecting with the clamps and pulling the material behind the diverging part of the guides, an opening mechanism clamps and moving them to the clamps 2 feeding mechanisms. In the known device, the polymer material is pulled both transversely and longitudinally by connecting clamps with pulling mechanisms in the process of pulling. and.  A disadvantage of the known device is that it does not provide for the production of a mesh structure material with the necessary improved properties of fibrillated films due to the fact that the original films, t. The films, the longitudinal incisions of the films, and then subjecting them to cross-stretching, are very thin, longitudinally shrinked during stretching, and have poor resistance to longitudinal shear stresses.  Therefore, the known device, where the material during the whole process is pulled by clips and subjected to longitudinal stretching, does not ensure free shrinkage of the material and the quality of the net structure.  In addition, since stretching in the transverse direction of a 4-biased film is a difficult and delicate operation, continuous over. The radiation of such composite structures requires at least two separate operations: the first is stretching, and the second is overlapping, which complicates the process.  The purpose of the invention is to simplify the process and improve the properties of the material. This goal is achieved in that the device for transverse drawing of a polymeric material in the form of a fibrillated film or at least two fibrillated films laid one on another, containing the underlying system for the material, has two annular flow rates. directional lines, located in series with the feeding system at a distance from one another, equal to the initial width of the material, with a gradual increase in the distance to s are equal to a predetermined width of the stretched material, a series of clamps for gripping the edges of the material placed in guides, two mechanisms for supplying clamps K for guides, two pulling mechanisms for rigidly connecting with clamps and pulling the material behind the divergent part The mechanisms for opening the clamps and moving them to the feeder-clamps, the clamps are mounted with the possibility of free movement along the divergent part of the guides.  Due to such an implementation, the proposed device avoids the drawbacks associated with the phenomenon of longitudinal shrinkage of the fibrillated film, which occurs during film opening with the formation of a mesh and which easily leads to film destruction when trying to reach the opening to a certain latitude or deformation of the non-fibrillated bands when is very limited.  - The device can be used both to open individual fibrillated films, and to split combinations of fibrillated films superimposed on one another, as well as to continuously convert them into open network composite structures.  FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, a general view; FIG. 2 is the same, top view / in FIG. H - original film with cuts; in fig. 4 is located on the plane of nickle elalentov, for example needles of a fibrillating roller.  A device for transverse drawing of a polymeric material contains a feed system 1 for a material, intended to feed a fibrillated film or a set of fibrillated films laid one on another, and this system may include two or a number of driven rabbits, two ring-shaped directions Xcie 2, which are arranged in series I supply system 1 and one parallel to the other at the entrance to the space b, equal to the initial width of the original material, with a gradual increase in the distance between they have up to a value L equal to a predetermined width of the stretched material, a series of clamps 3 for gripping the edges of the material placed in the guides 2, provided with teeth 4 that serve to glue 6 points of two tons n (their mechanisms 5, made in the form of conveyor chains, located behind the diverging part of the guides 2 and connected to the engine 6, two clamp feeding mechanisms 3 to the guides 2, made 7. in the form of wheels with recesses for gripping the clamps 3 and inserting them into the guides 2 with a distance between the clamps 3, equal to the RF, the mechanism 8 opening the clamps 3 to grip the edges of the film and moving them to the clamps 3 feeding mechanisms 3 S mechanisms, a winding mechanism 9 for receiving a film or a set of extruded films.  The clips 3 are mounted with the possibility of free movement along the diverging part of the guides 2.  If it is desirable or necessary to stabilize the mesh form of the stretched film or set of films before winding them, a heater 10 may be introduced into the device, acting, for example, on the basis of hot air supply or energy emission, KOTO1KYY is located between zone 11 connecting the clips 3 with pull mechanisms 5 and the device 12 for opening the clips 3.  The adjusting device 13 for providing longitudinal tension of the film is preferably located between the feeding system 1 and the place of insertion of the film between the guides 2 and serves to maintain at the CONSTANT and as low as possible the length of the longitudinal tension of the film at the inlet of the guides 2 to make subsequent shrinkage resulting from lateral expansion or expansion is possible.  In the proposed device, devices for welding the edges of the mesh films can be provided, as well as devices for hot squeezing and joining the set of stretched grids installed in front of the winding mechanism 9 (not shown).  The main stages of preparation of the material processed on the proposed device are as follows.  G.  Getting the film.  Formed from at least one synthetic polymer whose thickness is in the range of 35 d® 1200 microns.  In this case, the preparation of the initial film can be carried out in accordance with any of the known film-forming methods for synthetic polymers, such as, for example, extrusion, casting, etc. d.  The polymers used are olefin polymers, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyamides, vinyl polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyester resins, and mixtures of these polymers.  P.  The longitudinal or mainly longitudinal orientation of the film using known methods of monoaxial stretching, so that the degree of longitudinal stretching is 3-15, resulting in an oriented film, the thickness of which is in the range of 15-200 microns.  possible subsequent abrasion of the film, for example, between grinding wheels.  Iii.  Fibrillation of a film oriented in this manner as a result of the passage of this film over surfaces with studs, blades or other similar elements fixed on them, intended to form longitudinal cuts, and the resulting formation of oblique non-fibrillated strip on the film forming the angle p between the cuts. in a film of about 0.30 to about 50.  FIG. W are the correct cuts in the film.  FIG. Figure 4 shows the location on the plane of the scoring elements, which are,. for example, the tips of the needles of a fibrillating roller: a is the distance between two needles located along the line of the cylindrical shaft; c is the distance between two needles located along the adjacent perimeters of the needles, as well as the distance between two adjacent cuts, d is the distance between adjacent images of the line "1I ngl / e - the length of the nadiaa, 1-: non-cut distance between two consecutive cuts ; g - step between cuts, t. e.  the distance between the initial or the end points of two adjacent cuts, h is the width of the oblique non-fibrillated bands representing the oblique sequence of stretching of the non-irradiated film. ; D - the slope of such a band, t. e.  the angle that such a band forms in the uncirculated fibrillated film relative to the direction of the fibrillated film.  This angle is directed clockwise or counterclockwise and, thus, will have a positive or negative sign relative to the direction above the film's film depending on the corresponding right-handed or left-handed position of the needles.   where the value of the g step between the cuts can be determined in advance in the case of using fibrillating rollers based on a certain ratio.  Thus, the angle of oblique unfibrillated strips is easy to set in advance at will within the above boundaries in accordance with a suitable scheme of a fibrillating system, for example, on a needle roller and in relation to fibrillation procedures.  The implementation of fibrillation is provided in such a way as to obtain angular values in the range of about 0.30 to 50.  Typical values for the above parameters, for example, are: 0.1 mm s 1 ,. bmm d 25MMa 2.5mm K 0,70K 0,54 Po 0.33 ° Po about 50 ° Fibrillation can be performed in the case of one or several films laid one on another on one fibrillating device or in relation to individual films, each which are fibrillated on a fibrillation device with different needle patterns to obtain films with different angles necessary for making a netted and multi-oriented final product.  Iv.  Overlaying at least two films one on top of another, fibrillated so that the slanting strips of each film intersect with the slanting strips of the other film at any desired angle and with any alternation.  Overlaying fibrillated films on top of one another is preferably implemented as follows. in order to obtain oblique non-fibrillated strips of each film, which do not coincide with each other, but so that these strips form different angles, so that the reticule {1st set of films has as isotropic characteristics as possible.  Alternating the overlapping of films one upon another can be chosen at will, especially those films that, although differing in different fibrillation schemes, tend to be in the process of successive stretching into the mesh to longitudinal shrinkage of the same order of magnitude with an equal transverse stretch. obtained by superimposing individual fibril- one on top of another.  films were welded around the edges in order to facilitate the subsequent operation.  The welding operation can also be carried out with respect to a set of grids stretched and laid one upon another of the grids, followed by trimming the melted edges.  Transverse stretching of a stack of superimposed films can be preceded by impregnating this set of films with sizing and / or bonding agents, such as polyvinyl acetate or an aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose, to make the material harder and more suitable for processing and adhesion to the products to be hardened.  The impregnation can be carried out by dipping, spraying or passing the film between the rollers in accordance with known methods.  Impregnation can also be performed not on films before their stretching, but (fe already stretched meshes.  The device works in the same way.  The film or set of fibrillated films enters the guides 2, is gripped by sliding clamps initially spaced from each other at a distance Pd, is stretched to widen the cement space between the guides 2 until the width L | desired value.  Since the fibrillated film is dragged by the clips 3 only starting from the zone 11 tons of pulling mechanisms 5, the film is set loosely in the longitudinal direction during the entire stretching process during which it is subjected to lateral stretching, as a result of which the clips 3 closer together to others.  The two guides 2 may diverge from one another at equal or different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device.  The ratio — between the maximum and minimum distances between the legs of Qimi 2 — represents the degree of stretch of the film.  The clips 3, which slide freely along the guides 2, are driven by the spring of the Sne shown on) and are always in the closed position (they can only be opened from the mechanism 8 and the tool 12).  The lateral stretching of a set of fibrous jas of expanded films represents the rotational (pivoting) movement of oblique strips on a plane until they protrude a new angle in accordance with the direction of the notches on the film,. the value of which is in the range of | io to +80 with respect to the direction of the cuts.  Theoretical calculations and experimental measurements show that between the values of cross stretch and the difference D / between angles and expressed in radians, there is an interconnection:.   d / 5 ci (E-l), where E is the degree of stretching the final film width,.  The initial Y of the C film is constant, depending on the distribution or location of the cuts in the fibrillated film and determined experimentally for any type of such film.  Thus, as a result of an appropriate choice of angle values and typical sizes or values of the fibrillated film, shown with the letters c, e, f and g (FIG. 3 and 4) can be obtained with the same value of E of various angles g for each type of fibrillated films, resulting in a composite mesh of different layers, each of which has its own, predetermined angle of the direction of unfibrillated oblique bands.  In addition, since the rotational. the movement of the oblique unfibrillated strips always occurs in the opposite direction with respect to the initial angle io, then stretching the films having initial angles + and - o will result in the formation of an extended mesh with final angles + and and, thus, -.  to the formation of cross corners.  The composite reticulated product thus obtained consists therefore of layers of nets with non-fibrillated cross-stripes, scattered angles, differing in size and sign relative to the longitudinal axis of the original bar and in any alternate order or sequence.  Upon completion of the transverse stretching of the fibrillated film, a composite mesh is obtained, which is thus obtained, is stabilized in pa. a dimensional relationship by heat treatment, which may represent a slow (retarded) shrinkage through a heater 10 or an oven or calender processing: with heated pressure rollers at a temperature below the softening temperature of the polymer or polymers forming the film.  Stabilized.  thus, the grid can be driven by mechanism 9.  The operation of hot pressing (or calendering) a set of stretched grids may be necessary because expansion or stretching causes deformation of shorter mesh fibrils, which then go out of planar placement (fall out of planar arrangement).  Such a fallout is partly beneficial because it acts as a natural connection between the layers of the grids, which as a result of this are connected to one another, but at the same time increases the external volume of the grids, which can be unfavorable in impregnation processes. nets liquid or pasty substances.  The compression operation aims at reducing the apparent volume and at the same time providing greater adhesion between the layers as a result of fixing at a constant level the interrelationships between the secondary deformed fibrils.  Compression (or calendering) is carried out according to known methods between two heated rollers or strips at temperatures below the softening temperatures of the polymer used.  Depending on the use for which these grids are intended, compression can be performed at a pressure of 0.05-2 kg / cm.  The proposed device can be made in various ways, provided that it provides the possibility of longitudinal shrinkage. film during its stretching, in addition, allows the film to be stretched (expanded) without interruptions or stops between the stretching and thermal stabilization stages, which would lead to an uncontrolled loss of the stretched portion of the expansion or stretching.  The following are several embodiments of the device.  Lit 3 can be arranged so that it always remains. be closed (figs, 1 and 2).  In this case, the mechanism 8 should open the lugs to allow the film to pass between them, or they can be fixed so as to always remain in the open position, while fitting along the guides 2 during the opening and thermal stabilization of the notched film should be provided profiled cams to hold the clips 3 in the closed position.  The opening and closing of the clips 3 can be carried out by means of electromagnetic, hydraulic or pymatic systems instead of a mechanical system according to known methods.  The clamps 3 can be replaced by a system of needles or pins penetrating through the volocaustic structure.  The driving mechanisms 5 can represent, in addition to the circuits, also electromagnetic, pneumatic or hydraulic drag systems.  Clamps. 3 can also pull films under the force of gravity without the need for using pulling systems as a result of communicating two divergent vertical or inclined guides, Clips 3 can be connected to one another mechanically during the opening stretch, for example , by means of a chain, provided that the connecting elements, for example chain links, can gradually converge with each other as the film is opened with the help of a profiled cam.  However, such a system requires a special cam profile for each type of fibrillation film, depending on the peculiar relationship that exists between the stretch and longitudinal shrinkage of this film.  A mechanism 7 designed to periodically feed the clips 3 to the guides 2, which is depicted as a toothed drive wheel (Fig.  and 2) including the opening mechanism 8, a fixed cam serving to open the clamps 3 under the action of pressure can be performed according to known methods using other systems, such as, for example, a pulse-controlled electromagnetic feeder or a hydraulic or pneumatic intermittent system.  The mechanism 8 and the fixture 12 for opening the clips 3, which represent a simple fixed cam (Fig. 1 and 2), may be performed according to known methods in a different manner, for example, in the form of electromagnetic systems, controlled by a microswitch, which interacts with the approaching (incoming) clips 3, or in the form of hydraulic or pneumatic systems.  Example 1  In a cylindrical film extruder, a polypropylene film was obtained using a polymer characterized by a melt index of 6.7 and a plate temperature.  events 165 s.  A 120 micron film is stretched longitudinally at a temperature of 150 seconds with a stretch ratio of 9, resulting in a film having a thickness of 40 microns and a width of 80 cm, which, after cutting the edges, is divided into four films, each 20 cm wide.  After that, four films are passed at a feed rate of 40 m / min, respectively, through four fibrillating rolls, each with the following needle placement (Table one).  Table 1 1 st 1,00,254,0 2 d 1,0 O ,, 254,0 3 st 1,00,258,5 4 th 1,00,258,5 The first and second rolls rotate at a peripheral speed of 61.5 m / min, while while the third and fourth rolls rotate at a peripheral speed of 100 m / min.  The four fibrillated films are surrounded by the following characteristics (Table 2).  T a b and c a 2 G with.  GE, 1 f.   g HA, I mm I mm I mm I, mm I 1- 0,258,4-2,02,64-5,5 2- 0,258,42,02,6-5,5 3- 0,2515,02,04 , 3 + 3.0 4- 0.2515,02,04,3-3, 3 Fibrillated films are then applied on the other to form one four-layer tape according to the known Passing methods along obliquely oriented or inclined axes AND welding along the edges with heated rotary welders, resulting in one tape consisting of four superimposed layers.  The tape is then impregnated by passing it through a bath containing 5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution and then through squeezing rollers, after which it is directed to perform drawing and heat setting operations using the device (Fig. 1 and 2), equipped with 1 and 2 2, providing a symmetrical divergence with a ratio of 1.7LJJ equal to 5.   In the proposed device, the tape supplied by system 1 is inserted between two guides 2, where the fly is caught by clips 3 supplied to the guides 2 by mechanisms 7, the distance between which 10. Thus, a set of open grids superimposed one on another is obtained. 10 cm wide, which are stabilized by heat for 10 seconds, with a residence time of the material in the device at this temperature of approximately 1.5 s.  With successive stretching, the mesh of 4 films is characterized by a longitudinal shrinkage of 88-90%, which is observed on the basis of a mutual approach of the clamps 3 at the end of the process of transverse stretching of another distance between them, approximately 9 cm.   Inspection of samples of the grids shows the following angular values. The 1st film is approximately +30 2- film about -30 ° 3- film - approximately + 16 ° 4- film about -16.  The resulting composite mesh passes through a calender equipped with heated pressure rollers heated to 120 ° C, after which it is wound onto the coils of mechanism 9.  Example 2  In a 120-cm wide head extruder, a polypropylene film was obtained using a polymer according to Example 1.  The resulting film with a width of 106 cm | 11 after cutting the grooves has a thickness of 212 microns.  It is stretched to a stretch of 7, resulting in a film having a thickness of 80 microns and a width of 40 cm, which is divided into two films, each of which has a width of 20 cm.  These two films were simultaneously passed through two fibrillating rolls, similar to the first and second rolls of Example 1, as a result of which they obtained the properties discussed above and, in particular, the angles:, 5; -up 5.5  .    The other two films of the same type are passed through fibrillative rolls, similar to the third and fourth rolls, presented in example 1, the results of which receive angles: + / Jo +3.3; - -, - - 3 3.  Four films are placed one on top of the other along napcuvi, they are welded together along the edges so that two tapes are obtained, each of which includes sheets, respectively, with corners ftg-i5.5 and ± 3.3, which are then impregnated with a solution of carboxymethylcellulose.   These two pairs of fibrillated pleNocs are stretched separately in the transverse direction by 7 times compared with the original width, and then the thermos table is pulled out using the device described in Example 1, after which they experience longitudinal shrinkage, respectively 75 and 88 %  At the end of stretching, meshes were obtained, each of which was formed by two open fibrillated films, characterized by the following values of the angle t: 1-mesh ± 53 2-mesh + 23 ° Two meshes are laid one over the other according to known methods, welded along the edges and compressed on the calydreux at a temperature of about, resulting in a single final mesh.  Example 3  In an extruder with a blow head and a die with a diameter of 500 mm, a tubular polypropylene film was obtained, consisting mainly of isotactic macro molecules and having a melt index of 8, mixed with 15% low density polyethylene. The film thus obtained is halved and cut on her grooves.  This film, with a width of 102 inches and a thickness of 255 microns, is stretched in the longitudinal direction with a draw down ratio of 6.5.  Two films are then obtained, each of which is 40 cm wide and 100 microns thick.  They simultaneously fibrillate on two fibrillating rolls, similar to the first and second rolls, presented in example 1, resulting in fibrillic.  A film having the same characteristics as the second film described in the same example.  Next, two non-fibrillated films, corresponding to the preceding films, are fibrillated on two rolls (third and fourth) with the location of the needles, which are distinguished by the following pair. meters (table 3).  3rd 4.8 0.8 2.5 +71, 4th 4.8 0.8 2.5 71, Pushed out fibrillation has the following characteristics (Table  four ).  Table 4 1 s, Ge, I f, G g, I DG Film MM mm I mm I mm I 1,8 +24 3- 0.8 7,5 3,2 4- 0,8 7,5 3,2 1.8 -24 Films separately overlap one on another in pairs, and then go together along the edges, as a result of which two tapes are obtained, each of which is formed by two films having respectively angles and pp - +24.   Both ribbons were stretched separately by 2.5 times compared to the original width using the device used in Example 1, after which they were thermostabilized, which allowed us to obtain two pairs of nets, each of which has a width of 100 mm and contains of two layers.  After stretching, grids formed of fibrillated films having the following angles of 1 and 2 films 15 3 and 4 films 55 are obtained. The two grids are then superimposed on one another to form rotating welding devices and in three internal rows arranged one from another at the same distance, equal to 25 cm, using a spot welder so that the distance between the welding points in one row is 2.5 cm.  After that, the resulting mesh is compressed on a calender at, and then wound onto coils.  Example 4  Using a flat-head extruder, a 210 μm thick polypropylene film having a melt index of 16, with the addition of 9% low density polyethylene, is extruded into a water-filled tank.  The extrusion temperature is about the worm and about the injection hole.  The raft film is longitudinally stretched to a degree of stretch of 7, resulting in an oriented film of 80 microns thick and 80 cm wide, which is then divided into four films, each of which has a width of 20 cm, and they are fibrillated as a result. passing, respectively, through fibrillating rolls, having the same characteristics as the fibrillating rolls presented in Example 1, and applying the fibrillation conditions described in the same example.  The films thus obtained the surface area of 9.6 sq. M / g-mic.  After that, another set of four films was obtained, as described above, resulting in eight fibrillated films, which are sequentially superimposed one upon the other to form one eight-layer tape, which is welded along the edges and impregnated with 5% carboxymethylcellulose solution of Example 1, after which it is directed to perform opening and thermal stabilization operations using the device presented in Example 1, except that the ratio (or variance) is 8 and the temperature heat stabilization cheers.  Composite sheets or plates were obtained using potllandtsement, which are made by successively alternating layers of meshes with cement layers with a water to cement ratio of 30/100.  At the same time, special attention is paid to the positioning of the grids in such a way that the direction of reinforcement remains constant in each layer.  Thus, a sheet or plate with a size of 48–48 cm and a thickness of 7 mm was obtained using nets with a total weight of 124 g.  that the percentage of polypropylene mesh to cement is 8.4 vol. %  After this sheet or plate is cured, it is not aged for 24 hours in water at room temperature for 28 days for 24 hours.  Thereafter, the sheets or plates are cut in the direction of reinforcement into specimens for testing for flexural strength at three points.  The bend is made in the direction of the mesh hardening of the polypropylene mesh.  The single resistance to bending stress, measured as an average value obtained from three samples stretched at three points on sheets or plates, is 265 kg / kV ".  Example 5 In a flat-head extruder, a polypropylene film with a melt index of 16 is extruded with the addition of 9% polyethylene using the same process and composition as in Example 4.  After stretching (to the extent of dissolution 7), a 80 micron thick film is passed through rollers with a diameter of 80 m and having a circumferential speed of 90 m / min, and they are covered with cloth on a O type basis with a size of 1 abrasive particles, equal to 100-150 microns .  Thus, on the surface of the film, surface patches or cuts were obtained with a density of 150-200 inches / mm different, with an average depth of 10 microns, and with a diameter of 20-30 microns, followed by the formation of fibrils having a density of 50100 fibrils / n and that protrude from the surface of the film and have a width and thickness of 20 and 30 microns, and a length within 20200 microns.  Two sets of four films each, obtained from the film worn out in this way, are fibrillated using the same device and conditions of Example 4, resulting in eight fibrillated films with a surface area of 18.5.  Using these films and operating as in example 4, 8-ply tapes were obtained, which were subjected to operators of opening and stabilization in example 4.  After that, plates of composite mesh and cement of 7 mm in diameter were made, similar in composition and fabrication to the tapes of Example 4.  Samples were taken from these tapes for flexural stability in accordance with the procedures presented in Example 1.  The single bending stress resistance at the time the specimens are destroyed for testing is 290 kg / cm2.  Example 6  In accordance with the procedures presented in Example 1, a polypropylene film with a melt index of 16 is extruded with the addition of 9% polyethylene and 0.2% azodicarbonamide (product of expansion or bulkiness).  The extrusion temperature is maintained at the worm and 160 at the injection hole {while the distance between the cooling water and the injection hole is 3 cm).  The film after stretching to the extent of stretching by 7 times, exceeding the initial size, has a thickness of 80 microns.  The film is then subjected to abrasion on both surfaces in accordance with the procedures of example 5, after which its fibrillicity by example.  one.  From the expanded and abraded films, the following are obtained: HU two sets consisting of four films each, which are fibrillated using the device and under the conditions of example 4, resulting in 8 fibrillated films with a surface area of 48.0 KBiM / year micron  As a result of the overlay of these films on top of one another and in the operation of example 4, disclosed and thermally stabilized 8-layer nets were obtained, of which composite cement plates with the same composition were made according to the procedures described in this example.  Microscopic examination of the film before it is stretched reveals the presence of closely spaced bubbles and cavities 10–20 microns wide and 20–400 microns long.  After stretching is detected,. that the bubbles in this film are elongated about 7 times, although their width is only a few microns.  In the abraded and fibrillated film, bubbles caused by the action of the skins, as well as fibrils and dowel pins or needles, lead; d t to form a finely dispersible; bath structure with the presence of cavities and very thin fibrils, extremely small and highly dispersed.  Resistance to: bending of the sample of the composite plate is 340 kg / cm. Example 7.  Example 6 is repeated with the difference that the fibrillated films obtained in accordance with this example, are treated with high-frequency electrons of 3000 watts.  The degree of surface activity of the films is 36 dyn / cm. .  Using the same cement and the following procedures, similar to those described in Example 6, open and heat-stabilized films were obtained from such films.  Lysed 8-layered grids from which composite cement plates are made.  Due to the improved wettability of the nets, about 9.5 vol. % of grids.  The flexural stress tests show that the breaking load is 360 IG / cm.  The proposed device is also applicable to films containing blowing agents or blowing agents Mavkn, which should expand to subject the films to longitudinal orientation.  In this case, the expansion operation is carried out according to limestone methods, depending on the type of foaming agent used.  Quantity, grain size. the type of foaming agent as well as the expansion conditions should be chosen in such a way that the bubbles forming inside the film have the average diameter not exceeding 50% and preferably not exceeding 20% of the film thickness.   Expansion of the film can also be achieved as a result of the passage of any liquids with boiling points below. melted polymer temperatures through a molten polymer in which they are expanded in the presence of nucleating agents acting as expansion regulators.  When a film is produced by extrusion at a temperature appropriate or superior to the temperature at which the frothing additive becomes active, or if it is prepared in accordance with procedures requiring such a temperature, the expansion operation can be performed simultaneously with the film formation operation, provided that performed under strictly controlled conditions that allow the formation of microdimensional bubbles, uniformly distributed over the entire film, without disturbing the integrity of the film, and, on the contrary, boron, ensuring its monoaxial stretch without breaks.  Thus, the invention makes it possible to obtain composite mesh structures with improved properties, used, for example, in the manufacture of layers of products with other materials and characterized by high surface area values exceeding 12 m / g i c c and wide range in relation to weight, size, orientation, size of fibrils and number of layers of fibrillated uk.   LNIYAYUK
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    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    DEVICE FOR TRANSVERSE. EXTRACTION OF POLYMER MATERIAL in the form of a fibrillated film or at least two fibrillated films superimposed on one another.
    containing a feed system for ma-. terial, two ring-shaped diverging guides arranged in series with the feed system at a distance from one another equal to the initial width of the material, with a gradual increase in the distance to a value equal to the specified width of the stretched material, a number of clamps for gripping the edges of the material placed in the guides, two feeding mechanisms clamps to the guides, two pulling mechanisms for rigid connection with the clamps and pulling the material located behind the diverging part of the Guides, the opening mechanisms jaws and moving them to the delivery clamp mechanisms of T l and h and w w I it with the fact that, in order to simplify the process of improving the properties of the second material, the clamps are mounted to be freely movable along the guides diverging portion.
    SU < m 1075956
    类似技术:
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    US3719540A|1973-03-06|Preparation of transversely fibrillated film
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    DE1142987B|1963-01-31|Process for the production of thread-like or fiber-like structures
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP0021017B1|1984-01-25|
    PT71240B|1981-08-04|
    ES491593A0|1981-07-16|
    NO149476C|1984-05-02|
    DE3066250D1|1984-03-01|
    YU129580A|1983-04-30|
    AU5831180A|1980-11-20|
    FI70432B|1986-03-27|
    NO149476B|1984-01-16|
    DK206680A|1980-11-19|
    PT71240A|1980-06-01|
    AU538194B2|1984-08-02|
    FI70432C|1986-09-19|
    CA1162372A|1984-02-21|
    NO801404L|1980-11-19|
    ES8106101A1|1981-07-16|
    EP0021017A1|1981-01-07|
    FI801538A|1980-11-19|
    YU41714B|1987-12-31|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE962021C|1953-12-19|1957-04-18|Semtex Ltd|Process for producing marbled sheets|
    GB922131A|1959-04-11|1963-03-27|Hoechst Ag|Process for the manufacture of films and sheets having a reticular or lattice-like structure from synthetic organic polymeric thermoplastic materials|
    FR1331095A|1961-08-11|1963-06-28|Method and apparatus for lateral stretching of continuous sheet material|
    GB1083847A|1963-11-11|1967-09-20|Smith & Nephew|Improvements in and relating to films of thermoplastic material and the like|
    GB1103583A|1963-11-12|1968-02-14|Metal Containers Ltd|Reticular structures and method of manufacturing the same|
    BE754974A|1969-06-27|1971-02-18|Cellu Prod Co|PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF RETICULAR OR SIMILAR THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS, PRODUCED FOR ITS EXECUTION AND ARTICLES THUS OBTAINED,|
    US3730821A|1970-11-23|1973-05-01|Hercules Inc|Interconnected network structure|
    GB1470196A|1974-11-13|1977-04-14|Cooling Dev Ltd|Contact packing|
    FR2299954A1|1975-02-05|1976-09-03|Fayard & Ravel|Tubular packaging film slotted to allow lateral stretching - to provide for size variations and or ventilation|DK8204161A|1981-09-23|1983-06-06|
    JPH0143027Y2|1986-01-29|1989-12-14|
    SE8602334L|1986-05-22|1987-11-23|Gram Hans Erik|WITH STRIPING MATERIAL ARMED DISC OR FORM PRODUCTS|
    US5645933A|1994-04-22|1997-07-08|Nippon Petrochemicals Company, Limited|Polypropylene monoaxially oriented material, woven or non-woven fabric, laminated product and preparation method|
    CN106463217B|2014-04-14|2018-07-06|Abb瑞士股份有限公司|Manufacture the method for High-Voltage Insulation spacer of high voltage component and the high voltage component of the spacer including being manufactured according to this method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    IT22800/79A|IT1114242B|1979-05-18|1979-05-18|PROCEDURE AND DEVICE TO PREPARE RETICULAR COMPOSITE STRUCTURES|
    IT22801/79A|IT1114281B|1979-05-18|1979-05-18|POLYMERIC RETIFORM STRUCTURES EQUIPPED WITH A HIGH SURFACE AREA AS REINFORCEMENT IN HYDRAULIC BINDERS|
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